Lateral flow assays – strategies used in diagnosis of animal infectious disease for animal health

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Abstract - Animal health diagnosis

Animal infectious diseases pose a continuing threat to animal health, food safety, national economy, and the environment. Zoonotic infections, also named as zoonoses, involve veterinary pathogens that are sustained in animal populations but can be transmitted to and cause disease in humans. In the event of veterinary outbreaks, it is essential to make rapid and accurate diagnosis to control and prevent the spread of diseases. Here we discuss different diagnostic methods available to identify animal diseases and zoonotic infections. Efficient diagnosis strategies are critical for controlling and eliminating animal diseases and zoonoses, further protecting and improving animal health, quality, and productivity.

Introduction of animal infectious disease

Table 1. Some animal infectious diseases and their pathogens.
Avian Avian influenzaavian influenza virusAnti-Avian Influenza Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin (HA) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Avian mycoplasmosisavian Mycoplasma gallisepticumAnti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum mgc2 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum mgc3 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum hemagglutinin protein encoded by pMGA1.2
(a member of the vlhA gene family) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)

Anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum mg mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Newcastle diseaseAvian Paramyxovirus Type 1/Newcastle Disease VirusAnti-Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1/Newcastle Disease Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Avian infectious bronchitisAvian infectious bronchitis virusAnti-Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Fever, coughs, sore throats, diarrhea, and pink eye.Fowl AdenovirusAnti-Fowl Adenovirus fiber mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Infectious bursal/Gumboro diseaseInfectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease) virusAnti-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP3 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP3 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VPX mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Infectious Bursal Disease Virus VP2 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Fish Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN)Anti-Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus VP2 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Infectious Salmon Anaemia(ISA)Salmon isavirusAnti-Salmon isavirus Haemagglutinin (HA) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Salmon isavirus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Canine Canine distemper/ footpad diseaseCanine distemper virus (CDV)Anti-Canine Distemper Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
hemorrhagic enteritisCanine parvovirus (CPV)Anti-Canine Parvovirus mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
hepatitis,infectious tracheobronchitis, canine cough.Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2,CAV-Ⅱ)Anti-canine adenovirus type II mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
rabiesrabies virus (RV)Anti-Rabies virus Glycoprotein NP mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Cat/Feline Feline panleukopenia (FP)Cat (feline) parvovirusAnti-Feline parvovirus VP2 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)Cat Serum amyloid A (SAA)Anti-Feline Serum amyloid A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Feline LeukemiaFeline Leukemia virus (FeLV)Anti-Feline Leukemia Virus P27 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Rabbit Rabbit Hemorrhagic FeverRabbit Hemorrhagic Fever (RHF)
Swine Encephalitis lethargica, sleeping sickness, sleepy sicknessEpidemic EncephalitisAnti-Ecephalitis mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
speechless, motionlessporcine blue ear virusAnti-Blue ear virus ORF7 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)porcine parvovirusAnti-Porcine Parvovirus VP2 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Porcine Parvovirus NS-1 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Porcine Parvovirus mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Foot and mouth disease Aphthovirus/Foot and Mouth Disease Virus(FMDV)Anti-Aphthovirus/Foot and Mouth Disease Virus capsid protein VP1 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Aphthovirus/Foot and Mouth Disease Virus NSPs-3ABC mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Ruminants Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) Sheep Caprine arthritis-encephalitis(CAE), Maedi-visna Virus Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus GP135 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus P25 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus P28 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Capsid (CAP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (NP) mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus matrix proteins mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucellosis Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis (Brucellosis) Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis Omp2b mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis P17 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis BP26 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis virB5 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis OMP28 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Brucella abortus/Brucella melitensis VirB12 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)/prion Anti-prion PrP mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-prion PrPSc mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-prion PrPRes mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Equine respiratory disease, abortion, neurologic disease equine herpes virus (EHV)
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) Equine infectious anemia virus (EIA) Anti-Equine/Horse infectious anemia Virus Pr55gag mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)
Anti-Equine/Horse infectious anemia Virus P26 mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb)

Summary

In the recent years, importance of animal disease and their public health effects have been well recognized worldwide. Animal disease, more significantly, zoonotic disease cause human mortality and morbidity, and also affect livestock’s production, decrease availability of food and create barriers for international trade. Rapid diagnosis is critical for the implementation of efficient control strategies against animal disease and zoonotic disease. Understanding animal disease infection dynamics and collecting appropriate specimens at the appropriate time window are also important to obtain reliable diagnostic results. A number of virological and serological methods have been developed and used for animal disease diagnostic testing. RT-PCR is the method of common choice for the detection of animal disease; IHC combined with hematoxylin and eosin staining has also been commonly used to examine histopathological lesions caused by animal disease. Success rate of virus isolation in cell cultures has been low. Serological assays can provide information about previous exposure to animal disease and also determine antibody responses to infection or vaccination when vaccines are available. Rolling out serological test would be an effective strategy to determine the percentage of the population that is immune and have shown no symptoms for the animal disease. Thereby, determining the exact magnitude of the outbreak and enabling governments to assess containment strategies to slow down the spread. The major drawbacks with these immunoassays are their accuracy and sensitivity of the test results. Therefore, there needs to be extensive research and testing done to develop new cost-effective methods to quickly and easily determine animal disease infection. Whereas, any such emerging approach must be carefully evaluated for its efficiency, accuracy, and linear range. The FDA approval and evaluation of each diagnostic technique is necessary before it can be used in practice.

Full product list: Ruminants, Pet, Swine, Equine, Avian, Fish, Multiple Species

Validated animal health diagnostic antibodies pairs and antigens for animal infectious diseases diagnostic testing in ELISA, Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and other immunoassays.

GeneMedi offers paired antibodies and antigens for Animal Health Diagnostic testing including most of the infectious disease in different animals:Avian(birds), fish, pets(cat, dog, rabbit), pig, ruminants(cow, goat, sheep, ox, cattle, bull) and so on(please see below).

All our animal health diagnostic antibodies and antigens for antimals infectious diseases test are suitable for in functional sandiwich ELISA, and other immunoassays in diagnostics. The antibodies can act as a capture antibody and detection antibody. The antigens can be used for antibodies rapid test of infectious disease.

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